Decline Of The Rome And Han Emires

The Failure of the Republic
As Rome expanded, the social and economical bases of the Roman republic in Italy were undermined. While men from breakaway market-gardening families were forced to devote their time to military service, life-sized landowners bought up their land to create great estates called latifundia. This meant both a decline in Rome’s source of soldiers and a decline in food production, as latifundia owners preferred to call on cash crops like grapes rather than staple crops such as wheat.
Since slave labor was cheap in an expanding empire, Italian peasants, dictated off the land and non employed by the latifundia, drifted into the cities where they create a fractious unemployed underprivileged.
As the independent farming family that had been the traditional source of soldiers disappeared, Roman commanders built their armies from men from the underclass who tended to give their loyalty, not to the Roman state, but to their commander. This led to generals fetching control of politics, to civil wars, and finally to the end of the republican organisation of government.
Julius Caesar’s grandnephew Octavian (also known as Augustus) took power in 31 B.C.E., reorganized the Roman government, and ruled as a military dictator. After Augustus died, several members of his family succeeded him.



However, the position of emperor was not necessarily hereditary; in the end, armies chose emperors.

Decline of the Han imperium
The Han Empire’s major security problem was the nomadic tribes on its northern border. Nomadic groups were usually small, but during the Han, the Chinese face a confederacy of nomads called the Xiongnu. China attempted to deal with the Xiongnu holy terror by strengthening its defenses (particularly its cavalry) and by making more pliant nomads into “tributaries.”
The Han Empire was undermined by a number of factors. First, the expense of fend for the northern borders was a tremendous financial burden. Second, nobles and merchants...If you want to notice a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com



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