The Productivity of Employees in the Public Sector

The studies of Taylor and Mayo remain significant, however, in that they continue to define the poles of the continuum of human resource management practices, in the context of obtaining optimal productivity.

Hoppock (1935, pp. 151153) was the first to conduct an intensive pack of job triumph. As this take on emphasized the multiplicity of factors affect perceptions of job satisfaction as opposed to the development of strategies designed to promote higher takes of job satisfaction, this early work is seldom consulted today.

Pioneering work linking motivation to job performance and job satisfaction was conducted in the 1950s and 1960s, and much of the body of theory authentic in this period remains relevant (Campbell and Pritchard, 1983, pp. 63130). deuce-ace of the most influential of these theorists were B. F. Skinner, Abraham Maslow, and Frederick Herzberg (steers and Porter, 1991, p. 202).

The motivational theories of Maslow, Herzberg, and Skinner are, essentially, drive theories. art object they are drive theories, they admit also provided the bases upon which most another(prenominal) types of effective motivational techniques for application inwardly organizational environments have been developed (Luthans, 1991, pp. 170171).

wantal theories are directly colligate to the process of learning (Maslow, 1966, p. 13). By learning is meant the process by which an individual is able to change h

Smith, Patricia A., Kendall, L. M., & Hulin, C. L. (1969). the measurement of satisfaction in work and retirement. Chicago: Rand McNally.

er or his behavior in some constructive air (Skinner, 1953, pp. 5961). Three basic theories of learning are (1) runnel and error, (2) conditioned response, and (3) insight. With the psychometric test and error approach, the individual learns by attempting disparate solutions to a problem until he or she discovers which one of the alternatives work best (Skinner, 1953, p. 64). The role of the leader, or teacher, in this approach is to recrudesce the person some direction by leading her or him towards certain techniques which may assist in problem solution.

with this type of learning process, individuals must learn to employ the trial and error approach in onthejob situations.

2. occupational classification level is defined as the hierarchical level within the organizational structure of the custom Department of a subject's work position. Occupational classification level will look as one of the independent variables in the proposed study. An operational comment of this variable is provided in Chapter 3, "Methodology."

Motivation is a widely study dimension of behavior and performance within organizational environments. Motivation is personspecific, although it concerns both individuals and organizations. Motivation concepts have important applications within organizational environments.

Maslow, however, believed that it might be possible to fit Skinner's innate reinforcers into his own hierarchy of needs (Maslow, 1971, p. 32). In this context, Maslow felt that Skinner's congenital reinforcers were addressing an individual's inner needs directly, whether or not Skinner accept such an action.

6. Work experience is defined as the longevity of an individual subject as a member of the Customs Department. Work experience will serv
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