American Foreign Policy Toward Iraq & Iran

The Qasim regime was replaced by the pan-Arabic Baath party, which stage coups in 1963 and 1968 and shared power with the military at some other times. According to Metz, "the Baath's pan-Arab and socialist leanings alienated both the pro-Western Gulf states and the Shah of Iran" (1990, pp. 59-60).

capital of Iraq broke off diplomatic relations with Washington during the 1967 Arab-Israeli War. The British withdrew their forces from the region in 1971. In April 1972, the Iraqis signed a 15-year conformity of Friendship and Cooperation with the USSR which became its principal arms supplier.

In the early seventies, the join arouses and the Pahlavi Shah collaborated in giving covert armed assistance to the Kurds in northern Iraq because they "were alarmed by increasing Soviet act upon in Iraq" (Metz, 1990, p. 61). The Shah and Iraq's new leader, Saddam Hussein, resolved their differences over the Kurds and the borders along the Shatt al-Arab waterway in the South under the Algiers Accord of show 6, 1975. Mean spell, relations between Iraq and the United States remained cool during the rest of the 1970s, " mainly because the Baathists were antagonistic to the close United States-Israeli relationship" (Metz, 1990, p. 205). The Americans by the 1970s were disillusioned with Nasserism in all its manifestations.

Bill, J. A. (1988). The eagle and the lion: The tragedy of American-Iranian relations. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Steel, R. (1997, celestial latitude 8). Unbalanced. New Republic, pp. 18-19.

n relations were cordial after the coup engineered by British intelligence and the CIA ousted Mohammed Mossadegh and restored the Shah to power in 1953. During the decimal point 1953-1961, American economic assist to Iran was $548 million and military aid was $501 million.

From 1962 to 1975, the comparable figures were $186 million and $844.7 million, respectively (Valibeigi, 1988, p. 211).

After mid-1982, Iraq was forced on the defensive by Iranian ground offensives. American policy-makers became more and more concerned about the adverse consequences of an Iranian victory. Smith (1992) says that "Iraq was seen as a valuable bulwark against Iran and . . . Moslem fundamentalism" (p. 41). Secretary of State George Shulz (1993) said that "our support for Iraq increased in rough symmetricalness to Iran's military successes" (p. 237).

Operation Desert Storm, a fearsome 39-day assail and missile onslaught and a pulverizing four-day ground campaign back up by the Coalition's tactical airforce, was an extraordinarily successful military operation, which covey the Iraqi Army out of Kuwait. Questions have, however, been asked as to the role of American foreign policy in starting the war and wherefore the Coalition armies did not finish the job by roller into Baghdad and throwing Saddam Hussein out of office while they had an opportunity to do so.

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