How Can a Nurse Improve and Develop Professional Identity?

How Can a Nurse Improve and discontinue Professional Identity?According to DeJong 2014, passkeyism can be restrictd as the fashion of acting in an accept subject and appropriate way slice adhering to a professional code of conduct. It in addition means completing given up tasks and responsibilities on time. On the some other hand a Professional individuality can be described as a set of principles that define a person in their professional handleer. A professional individuation can also be defined according to the attitudes, beliefs, experiences, ideals, professional involvement, take for ad wagon traincement and codes of a given cargoner. These virtues determine the kind of people we act with in our ancestrys of profession. These experiences and professional interactions tend to define ones professional identity.In the line of nursing professionalism is momentously essential if nannys argon expected to provide whole tone and effective services and care to their c lients and to the population as a whole. In health care Professionalism is regarded as a bridge between the interests of the nurse and the commands of society. It is evident that break-dance professionalism is associated with good medical care and better health outcomes in general. (DeJong et al 2014).Nurses need to be commensurate to induce and emend their imaginative and creative skills in order to attain and improve effective patient care. In a investigate by OBrien, Strzyzewski and Szpara 2013, on nurses effecting in the surgical department it was found that by creating an organized process of educational projects to encourage, support and promote professionalism nurses were equal to improve their professional identity and complete their practice successfully safely and effectively. In order to achieve the best chairs Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) and educational Nurse Coordinators (ENCs) in the surgical unit of measurement developed meetings for nurses with the me dical librarians and unit leaders. Teaching was carried out by use of posters and oral applyations. Through this nurses were able to master effective ways of generating ideas and implementing them to complete projects. (OBrien, Strzyzewski and Szpara 2013). there are numerous factors that influence professional competence for nurses for pillow slip organization of browse, personal characteristics, cognitive abilities and clinical knowledge. In order for a nurse to be able to undergo Professional growth they need to be committed to their work in order to able to fulfill their work tasks. Professional identity is usually accompanied by the workers self-concept self-respect, identity, essential temperament, team spirit and values. what is more than for a nurse to improve their professional identity they need to be flexible and resilient in their field of work. This means that nurses need to see in oneself and be willing to take risks. In addition to that they throw off a caree r insight in order to be able to establish realistic career goals by creation aware of their strengths and weaknesses. (Tamm 2010).There are some inevitable factors in the health sector that subscribe for professional growth and that has impact on the management, employers and the employees. First creation of freshly knowledge, there are changes in the scientific and technical knowledge every(prenominal) few years which demand nurses to update their education levels from time to time. second technological innovations are taking place so rapidly that nurses pay off to be willing to sharpen their skills and change with the changing times. Lastly, the upcoming of more challenging tasks demands for professional development in order for nurses to be able to cope efficiently. (Willetts and Clarke 2012).Development of professional identity according to Tamm 2010, starts with how individuals view their work roles and how good they manage their work life and related practices. Moreover professional identity is a process of becoming independent and having self-awareness through work. For a nurse to be able to develop and improve their identity they archetypical have to have a professional self-concept and respect, in short they need to accept their roles as nurses. Nurses begin to build their professional identities during their strike expiration and continue to develop all through their work life. Development of professional identity is a life course process comprising of divers(prenominal) stages. Which scarper from novice to expert. (Tamm et al 2010).In conclusion development is accompanied by professional maturity which is a nurses preparedness to come up to work tasks in different phases of their work. Nurses need to be cognitively prepared, this means that they need to have sufficient knowledge on principles of health care to be able to apply them in real life situations. In additional to that nurse need to have knowledge on the nature of the profession and the occupational sphere. (Willetts et al 2012).In my opinion there are numerous number of factors that have effect on the development and usefulness on a nursing professional identity. I have learnt a hatful of new information from this assignment. It is a broad topic and I feel I still have a whole lot more to learn about developing my professional identity in the future.REFERENCESD. OBrien, N. Strzyzewski and T.Szpara 2013, Getting to Success Supporting Staff Nurses to Enhance approach pattern and Professionalism. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing. Volume 28, Issue 3, June 2013, Pages e34 addressable http//www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1089947213002037Accessed seventh September 2014G. Willetts and D.Clarke 2012 The shaping of Professional Identity in Nursing An ethnographic Case StudyAvailable http//global-qhr.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Abstracts.pdfAccessed seventh September 2014S .M. DeJong 2014 Chapter wizWhat is Professionalism? Social Media and Onlin e Professionalism in Health Care 2014, Pages 111Available http//www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124081284000011Accessed 7th September 2014Tiia Tamm, 2010 Professional Identity and Self-concept of Estonian Social Workers .University of TampereAvailable http//tampub.uta.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/66631/978-951-44-8115-4.pdf?sequence=1page=69zoom=180,-4,613Accessed 7th September 2014Stem Bark perpetrates of Anthocleista Antioxidant PropertiesStem Bark Extracts of Anthocleista Antioxidant PropertiesOriginal 1 Research ArticlePHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIESOF STEM BARK EXTRACTS OF ANTHOCLEISTANOBILISABSTRACTAim This study was carried out to determine the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of perpetratesof Anthocleista nobilis.Methodology Acetone and wood alcohol purifys of A. nobilis were investigated for their part with complimentary motif scavenging activities in the presence of diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) using ascorbic acid as confirming contro l.Results In the phytochemical masking piece of the define conveys, results showed that both extracts recorded the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and glycosides. The acetone and methanol extracts of A. nobilis exhibited significant free constitutional scavenging activities in the DPPH assay with theacetone extract recording better activity. The antioxidant activity of the two extracts was however, overturn than that recorded by the positive control-ascorbic acid.Conclusion The result suggests that the extracts have potential antioxidant properties which could be victimized in medicine and intellectual nourishment industry.Keyword Anthocleista nobilis, antioxidant, DPPH.1. INTRODUCTION founds have been utilized by humans to treat various infectious and non-infectious unsoundnesss since thebeginning of time as they constitute a reliable source of therapy. In addition, they are also the primarysource for many of todays medicines 1,2,3. For instance, purified unor iginal metabolites such(prenominal) as vinca alkaloids are used widely in malignant neoplastic disease chemotherapy 4.Quinine and artemisinin, derived from thebarque of the cinchona and qinghaosu trees respectively and their derivatives have been widely used forthe handling of malaria 5,6,7.Some of these secondary metabolites are synthesized for specific purposes by seed downs. Others may beby-products of plant metabolism which currently have no know biologic function. Hydroxylatedcoumarins have been reported to accumulate in carrots in response to fungal invasion 8,glucosinolates, recognized for their antimicrobial properties9, have also been reported in Brassiarapa in response to fungal infection/attack 10.These secondary metabolites fall under one of the major phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannins,glycosides, steroids, terpenes, and so on Although these compounds are know to be bioactive, a lot is yetto known about their mechanisms of action. Some of these groups of com pounds such as flavonoids,proanthocyanidins and tannins are polyphenols or phenoplast 11. Phenolics are known for theirantioxidant properties 12.Antioxidants are molecules that halt oxidation processes while the molecules contain oxidized in theprocess. The antioxidant activity of phenolics is derived from their ability to act as cut back agents,donating hydrogen, electrons and stabilizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) 13. ROS such ashydroxyl radicals (OH.), superoxide anion radicals (O2.) and singlet oxygen (145 O2) have been implicatedin many disease processes such cancer, diabetes, ageing, atherosclerosis and neurodegeneration14. Consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables rich in plant polyphenols(antioxidants) as food hasbeen reported as a protection against several(prenominal) diseases which include cancer, cardiovasculardiseases, diabetes, asthma etc. 15 suggesting that the mechanism of action of the secondarymetabolites can be traced to their antioxidant properties. ROS c an cause the deterioration of food bycausing lipid peroxidation. The rancid odor and taste of lipid containing food such as palm oil occur asresult of lipid peroxidation which in turn affects the nutritional value and safety 52 of such food items16.Recently, the use of synthetic preservatives and other additives has been linked to change magnitudeprevalence of cancer. For instance, sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite used to preserve urbanemeat has been implicated in bowel cancer 17. As a result, the demand for natural food preservativeshas been rising steadily 14 and that prompted the European sum funded AGROCOS to include thereplacement of synthetic preservatives and other ingredients as part of the FP7 research topics whichhas yielded about 30 natural compounds for the food and cosmetic industries presently being furthertested by Greek and German companies 18.Anthocleista nobilis which is comm only called the candelabra or cabbage tree in English language,Duwa Kuchi in Nupe lan guage, Kwari in Hausa language and Apa Ora in Yoruba language belongs tothe family Loganiaceae 19. Anthocleista nobilisis used in topical anesthetic medicine in parts of West Africa forcuring fever, stomach ache, diarrhoea, and gonorrhoea, and are also aspoultice for sores 20,21. Thepresent study was designed to investigate the antioxidant properties of extracts of Anthocleista nobilisby standard their free radical scavenging properties with aim of confirming the ethnobotanical useand assessing their suitability as preservatives in the food industry.2. MATERIALS AND METHODS2.1 Sample collectionThe stem barks of A. nobilis were collected in March, 2014 from Ezza Community in Ebonyi state,Nigeria. They were identified by a plant systematist in the Department of Pharmacognosy andTraditional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical recognitions, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.The plant worldly was pulverized into fine powder using a mechanical crunch machine.2.2 Extraction500 g of thepulverized plant was macerated in 1 liter of acetone and methanol respectively for 48hrs.The mixture was sieved using porcelain fabric and was further filtered using No. 1 Whatman filterpaper. The filtrate was heavy using rotary evaporator and the crude concentrate was thenstored at 4o80 C until required for further experiment.2.3 Phytochemical ScreeningIn the phytochemical analysis of the extracts of A. nobilis stem barks, tests for alkaloids, tannins,saponins, flavonoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, and terpenoids were carried out using standardmethods reported by Trease and Evans 19.2.4 In vitro free radical scavenging activity of the extract (Diphenyl dipicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) freeradical scavenging activity)The free radical scavenging activity of the various extracts and ascorbic acid was measured withDPPH. Three (3) mL of DPPH in methanol solution was added 100 L of different concentrations ofextracts (10-1000 g/mL). subsequently 30 minutes, the absorbances of the extract solutions ion methanolwere measured at 517 nm after calibration with methanol. Lower absorbance indicated higher freeradical scavenging activity. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was uttered as IC50 which wasdefined as the concentration of the extracts that inhibited the formation of DPPH radical by 50 %. Eachexperiment was carried out in triplicate. The norm absorbance for each triplicate was calculatedand the percentage inhibition of the extracts at different doses calculated using the formula%Inhibition 100o soA AxAWhere Ao is absorbance of control and As the absorbance of tested extracts.3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe antioxidant activity of the extracts of A. nobilis was investigated and the results were compared tothat of ascorbic acid which was used as the positive control. The results are shown in Figures 1. Also,the result of the phytochemical analysis links the presence of flavonoids and other polyphenols to theantioxidant activities spy. Different levels of the secondary metabolites based on the testscarried out were observed as displayed in Table 1.Table 1. Result of the Phytochemical Analysis of A. nobilis ExtractsUNDER mates REVIEWAlkaloids Tannins Saponins Flavonoids Glycosides Terpenoids Steroids wood spiritextract++ +++ ++ + ++ Acetoneextract+ ++ ++ + ++ +++ = Abundantly present ++ = Moderately present += Mildly 108 present =AbsentFigure 1. analogy between free radical scavenging activities of acetone and methanolextracts of A. nobilis and ascorbic acid primed(p) using DPPH. IC50 for Acetone extract= 400g/mL wood spirit extract= 800 g/mL Ascorbic acid= 30 g/mL.The bark of A. nobilis is used as warm expellant and as antimalarial drug remedy amongst otherethnobotanical uses by the Ezza people in Nigeria. The result of this study showed that the crudeextracts showed significant antioxidant properties with the acetone extract of A. nobilis recording anIC50 of 400 g/ml. The methanol extract of A. nobilis had the lowest antio xidant activity with an IC50 of800 g/mL.However, the acetone extract of A. nobilis which had the best antioxidant activity compared to themethanol extract had declare presence of terpenoids, flavonoids and tannins. Flavonoids andtannins are polyphenols which are known to have potent antioxidant properties due to there reducingability 23. The lower activity observed can be explained by the fact that flavonoids only exihibitantioxidant properties if features such ortho-dihydroxy substitution in the B-ring, C2-C3 double bondand a carbonyl group in C-4 of the C-ring are present 24. Quercetin is a good example of a flavonoidwith such structural features and it has a high antioxidant property 25.Although the free radical scavenging activities observed for the extracts were not as much as thatobserved for ascorbic acid which was the positive control, the antioxidant activity of the extracts, canbe said to be significant considering that the extracts were in the crude form. Further purifi cation of theaqueous extract is expected to produce pure compounds with improved antioxidant property.4. CONCLUSIONThe findings of this study transgress that Anthocleista nobilis possess antioxidant property. This provides ascientific theme for the ethnomedicinal utilization of this plant. The antioxidant property of this plantmay qualify it for use as preservatives of natural origin in the food industry. 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