Art History

STUDY GUIDE - Chapter 12: The Beginnings of Art
PALEOLITHIC, MESOLITHIC, and NEOLITHIC
-paleolithic-40,000-10,000 BC
-Mesolithic-10,000-8000 BC
-Neolithic-8000-3000 BC
Paleolithic art
-First signs of Man appeared in Africa @ 2 million years ago. Tool use @1 million. Earliest examples of Western art appeared as glaciers retreated.
-Venus of Willendorf-carved limestone, c. 30,000-15,000 BC. Because of the importance of fertility, (infant deathrate rates were high making it a necessity to grant many children for survival) probably a fertility symbol. Done in the round versus in relief.
counteract Art (Lascaux)
-murals at Lascaux. Normally, Paleolithic man did not portray humans in painting. nigh are animals. Based on observation. Probably done by blowing pigment through a pipe.
Pigment -ground color use with a vehicle or binder on asupport.
Cave art often uses the contours of the cave to define the form of the animal. Leon Battista Alberti, an Italian Renaissance aesthetician, believed that man first created images through association. The surface of the contend may have inferred the shape then the artist would amend an image. The works at Lascaux seem to confirm Albertis image by accident theory.
Mesolithic period
-Marked by a series of migrations with a movement toward horticulture and fishing.



More interest in agriculture and to a greater extent permanent communities.
Neolithic art
Stonehenge
-possibly used for astronomical observations or rituals. It is the earliest example of public art in N. Europe.
Megaliths
-menhirs-(long) individual unhewn or slightly sculpted
-dolmens-(table) two or more verticals with a horizontal

-cromlechs-(circle) menhirs in a circle or semi-circle
(words taken from Celtic language)
Post and Lintel Construction
-two upright columns and one coping cross-piece. Basic construction method from which other methods grew.
The Ancient get along East in the Neolithic Era (c. 7000-4500/4000 BC)
-transition from a huntsman/gatherer society to an...If you want to get a wide-cut essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com



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