Legislators: Agents or Representatives?

Political philosophical system is untrue to have had its beginnings in the classical city-state. Because of the sm every last(predicate) size of these city-states, policy-making deliberations could occur, and governmental decisions could be made in face-to-face situations by alone individuals concerned. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle provided the enduring values associated with the political philosophy developed in the Greek city-states. The essentials of this type of government atomic number 18 still bequest in the join States in the form of the town conflux in small invigorated England villages. Within this structure of government, representatives argon not demand.

The succeeding Judaic-Christian period in the development of philosophy provided the concepts of patriarchalism, sense of people, kingship, the role of the people in the appointment of king, and the indebtedness of king to people. Somewhat later, the Stoics contributed the political philosophy holding that a universal and eternal moral ordering is common to all humanity, and affects significant issues of collectivity. The Stoics began in Greece, and their political philosophy migrated to Rome. Although Stoicism began in Greece, its concept that all humanity is ruled by a single god contrasts sharply with the political philosophy of the Greek city-states, which held that political good could only derive from the small-scale political entity. For the Stoics, the individual is the

Madison, James. Quoted in Earle, E. M. (Ed.). The Federalist. New York: Random House, 1950.

O'Sullivan, Katherine. "The Underclass in the United States." Social Problems, 38 (November 1991): 427-561.

Elite theory holds that an elite is comprised of a relatively few people within a society who have and action power within that social system. By contrast, the masses are the m whatsoever people who cannot wield power within a social system. Power, in this context, represents the prerogative to make the decisions as to who gets what, when, and how.

Thus, societal elites participate in the decisions which shape the lives of all persons within a society, while the masses are those persons whose lives are shaped by institutions, events, and leaders over which they, the masses, are able to exercise little, if any, get up control. Even in a democracy, such as the United States, a few exercise a relatively long weight of power, while the many exercise hardly any at all.

Dadisman. M. "Is It Time For A New Bill of Rights?" sympathetic Rights, 18 (Summer 1991): 22-25, 27-30.

Dogan, Mattei. (Ed.). Pathways to Power: Selecting Rulers in Pluralist Democracies. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1989.

Hamilton, Alexander. Quoted in Elliot, J. (Ed.). The Debates in the Several State conventions as Recommended by the General Convention at Philadelphia in 1787, Together with the ledger of the Federal Convention, second ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1941.

McAllister, Ian. "Party Elites, Voters and Political Attitudes: Testing Three Explanations for Mass-Elite Differences." Canadian Journal of Political Science, 24 (June 1991): 237-268.

In practical terms, Madison adage the republic (synonymous at that time with representative democracy) as the required form of political structure to insure that tyranny would be prevented. Others, notably Alexander Hamilton, did not believe that a republican structure was the best means of preventing tyranny, holding alter
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